Solar Power for Your Home (Green Guru Guides)

Easy, inexpensive, do-it-yourself solar energy projects

Featuring step-by-step instructions and useful photos and illustrations, this hands-on guide is filled with solar energy solutions you can put to use right away. Solar Power for Your Home shows you how to set up a variety of simple, money-saving solar projects quickly and easily, such as a solar water heater, a solar pool pump, solar lighting, a solar oven--and even a solar-powered lawn mower!

Learn all about the different types of solar technologies, including passive solar and photovoltaic, and determine which best suits your projects. You'll get details on assessing current energy use in your home, estimating the costs of solar installations, and calculating your overall savings. Reduce your carbon footprint--and your energy costs--with help from this practical resource.

Solar Power for Your Home covers:

• History, benefits, and potential detriments of solar energy
• Fundamentals of solar technologies--passive solar, photovoltaic, concentrating solar energy, and more
• Evaluating home electricity consumption
• Creating a personal energy plan
• How and when to contract your solar project
• Emerging technologies--thin film, nano, and hybrid solar and solar storage
• Funding options including rebates, incentives, and grants
• Standards, conversions, and helpful resources

Price: $24.95

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Globetrotter Solar Charger - Green

The ultimate travellers power pack. Globetrotter comprises the Freeloader Portable Solar Energy System, complete with eleven connectors and connection cables, the Freeloader Supercharger for all weather, super fast charging and a tough carry pouch to protect Freeloader in the most hostile of environments. Freeloader is an advanced portable charging system that can power any hand held device anywhere, anytime. Freeloader takes power from its solar panels, the supplied Supercharger or via its charge cable that plugs into a computers' USB. Once charged, Super Charger will fully power a FreeLoader in as little as 4 hours in sunshine, which means it is possible to charge FreeLoader twice in one day! SuperCharger is a fully weather resistant unit supplied in a tough case. ·120mA premium quality crystalline solar cells ·1000mAh environmentally friendly Li-ion battery - typical battery life is 2 years. ·Freeloader's solar panels can charge its internal battery in as little as 5 hours or 3 hours when using the supplied USB charging cable. Supplied with a computer USB charging cable. Supplied with a power master cable and Eleven adaptors to fit the following: 1) iPod Classic, iPhone, iTouch, Nano, and all iPod products 2) LG Chocolate series phones 3) Motorola V3 series phones 4) All Nokia current and N series phones 5) Samsung A288 and current D800 series phones 6) Sony Ericsson K750 series phones 7) 4mm straight jack for Sony PSP, Tom Tom sat nav, digital camera's, PDA's and two-way radio's 8) Mini USB for Blackberry Smart phones, Nintendo DS, Bluetooth headsets etc 9) USB 2.0 female socket for MP3 players, smart phones, PDA's, GPS plus much more. Size 123x62x17mm Freeloader / 210x159x6mm Supercharger / 144x84x30mm Freeloader Pouch Weight 457g

Price: $99.95

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Can be "Electrofuels" source of Green Energy Storage?

Here's an interesting idea: create the clean (or type in a clean) energy that reduce CO2 by using energy from the Sun or bacteria. It may happen. This concept was presented to me first, upstate NY, and during their journey through the visiting a number of universities, including Cornell. One of the cleantech approach Emmanuel Giannelis, Cornell: n KAUST Center for energy and sustainable development, Co-Director, says carbon sequestration – possible values of the nanoparticle materials – could be combined with the Sun photocatalysis-process. "People are focused on systems where you can share the water to hydrogen and oxygen and hydrogen combines sequestered CO2, methane or methanol. You can then save it and use it just like gasoline and other fuels, "he said.

When I did not keep petrol and other fuels such as methane or butane, energy storage, when creating my blog in the form of development is presented in the form of energy storage, energy storage, of course, they are the most commonly used forms. I may not be comprehensive much (if at all) to move forward, but is of the opinion that it was possible to produce "green" fasion (i.e. without petrochemicals or biomass). I learned afterwards that this approach is actually a focus in the ARPA-E-program, called "Electrofuels." Most of the methods to join, the conversion is being carried out by the biomass or waste while also produces liquid transportation fuels directly from the sunlight, and carbon dioxide approaches. Although the photosynthetic routes promise global efficiencies remain low. "In this topic, the objective is to develop a completely new were felt to be liquid fuels, which could be used to resolve the current technological challenges in the production of" finds ARPA-E-site. ARPA-E is looking for technology that can be used in the illicit manufacture of synthetic metabolic engineering and biological approaches to the efficient conversion of liquid carbon dioxide transport fuels. ARPA-E is designed, in particular, be capable of extracting energy from hydrogen, reduced land-abundant metal ions, robust, affordable, easily accessible organic redox active species, or directly to the electrical power to inhibit the development of the community of organisms. Such an approach is, in theory, could be 10 times more efficient than current approaches to photosynthetic biomass liquid fuel production.

One example of the Columbia University researchers use the ammonia oxidizing bacteria chemolithoautotrophic n. europaea produces isobutanol, from carbon dioxide. Team genetically engineer a micro-organism to demonstrate that they reduce effectively ammonia, nitrite may create electrochemically or for the treatment of domestic waste water streams.

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Is a green Planet by way of a permanent IP?

Deal with international cooperation, Secretary Chu said significance of "we should be very hard in a very collaborative manner-I mean a very collaborative, according to share all the intellectual property rights, as much as possible."  This proposal for a regulation of the extreme of its face recalls that IP rights play in climate change is an important part of the debate, and shall be addressed to labour statistics at a global level.

 Fundamental importance of THE INTERNET PROTOCOL (IP) is the maxim of the u.s. cleantech industry throughout the business rauhoittamaan.The ability to obtain and enforce IP authentication using innovative green start-up firms to find employment, should be carried out, to defend the growing market and to increase revenue in the form of a new World Economic Forum report. Speed successful Smart grid Pilots discuss policy makers and regulators in creating the conditions for Innovation, in order to ensure the correct key noted that "it is important that they provide upside innovators, so that they could benefit from intellectual property to which they are developing, even if the best practices for distributed and delivered elsewhere." 

  Offered by this pro-business pro-IP position is newly established innovation, Development & employment Alliance (or "IDEA") Coalition.This group, which was launched by the US Department of trade and industry Secretary: n Chu after comments on "the role of champion [ing] the innovation and creativity in the jobs" is found to be a strong mission to protect the intellectual property rights around the world., that THE IDEA OF calls on the industry, which is a cleantech potention produces millions of American jobs, the continuing growth depends on a strong IP rights.  The Group has lobbied hard to prevent Erosion of the patent system in the United States.

From the Opposite corner of the "IP-fundamentalists" are those who believe that THE INTERNET PROTOCOL (IP) rights to deny that the introduction of innovative technologies to developing countries on the green.Because of the global carbon emissions in the future is linked to the attainment of the objectives of these countries, they should be granted access to the technology used by reducing the amount of time as efficiently as possible, the obstacles to the use of patented technology. 

Detected by relying on a strong IP rights in tension with a view to contributing to the cleantech innovation and allows global access to these technologies patented lifesaving medicines analogized to the fight against developing and underdeveloped countries. International concerning the agreement on trade related aspects of (TRIPs) IP regimes for the minimum requirements laid down in the country's accession to the World Trade Organisation (WTO), and anticipate that, in some cases, compulsory licensing may be appropriate. [1] [2] and, indeed Doha Declaration, in 2001, to strengthen the WTO Member States to improve access to essential medicines by the acquisition of patent rights, why not relax with flexibility and AN INCREASE IN THE INCIDENCE OF HIV drugs, successfully increased access.

Add green technology transfer within a spectacle of pesticides is currently under constant review all systems of the United Nations Framework Climate Change (UNFCCC) meetings. 2010 Copenhagen negotiations efforts to reach a binding agreement in the form of an IP and questions relating to the transfer of technology were unsuccessful. [1] [2] Although there is a consensus that a clean technology must be spread around the world, THE INTERNET PROTOCOL (IP) management of the negotiations stalled.

Two of the four options considered compulsory licences accompanied by proposals, in which, in practice, the Government of the United States shall be adopted in accordance with a patented invention without the right to a patent owner's consent, of the United States of America strongly opposes the. compulsory licensing-the House of Representatives, moved up to June 2009 Bill of materials U.s. persons in other countries so as to protect the rights of IP to protect.Voluntary licensing schemes, which is more politically feasible, are more flexible and allows IP holders I will attend.Other approaches are creating incentives to share "green" technologies, creating a common pools take what cleantech companies could devote some IP-rights and permissions to create a simplified conditions some of the INTERNET PROTOCOL (IP) at a reduced rate of sustainable uses.

Dangerous on the basis of expanded access to cleantech IP debate than the "battle of the" unnecessarily to the obligations of the successor of the two develop technology distance: innovation, we need to tackle climate change, and to secure its worldwide implementation.Hardcore compulsory authorization system and a pure IP Islamic approach has plenty of space craft policies that contribute to the attainment of these objectives, as well as. If either side is listening carefully to another, there is no reason a pragmatic approach to the way the structure of the INTERNET PROTOCOL (IP) rights as well as research and incentivize and serves the public interest, could not be found.

Eric Raciti has left, Cambridge, Massachusetts Office, Mr. Finnegan, agents partner.Raciti, focusing in particular on the practical intellectual property counseling his alternative energy sources, and medical devices sectors.For additional information about Mr. Raciti, using his profile in this.

Nicole Parsons (left), Ph.d., is an Associate at Dr. Finnegan, agents.Parsons practices contains the client counseling, the u.s. and international patent processing, asset management, as well as to the validity, infringement of the patentability and freedom, that operate on the basis of the opinions of the Committee, as a matter of priority, the life sciences. Dr.Parsons also works in patent litigation in various matters.

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USPTO to extend and expand the Green Technology Pilot-Program

By: Attorney Michael Langer and patent blue Scientist Laura Opperman

8. December 2009, United States Patent and Trademark Office ("USPTO") implemented Green Technology Pilot Program (hereinafter referred to as "the programme") to speed up certain "green technology" patent applications, prior to 8.  on the basis of the examination of December 2009.Green technology, energy conservation, environmental quality standards (EQs) for the use of renewable natural resources and the reduction of emissions of greenhouse gases. the programme shall be aimed at speeding up the development and deployment of green technology, green jobs, and promote U.s. competitiveness in the field of renewable energy sources. 

Normally, the patent applications are examined in the order received by USPTO. in accordance with the patent Program, until the "green" technology of applications for a special role to play, and it may be examined separately ran out of USPTO without all the usual requirements of an accelerated review (for example, research support of the submission of the document).  According to them, the USPTO, the program may reduce the average pendency times green technology for a year or more. 

Program participation requires no fee. However, program participation is limited to the first 3 000 petitions to make specific, grantable which may be accepted only if all other Program requirements are met.Initially, the program also concerned only before 8. December 2009 applications and was slated to end the 8.December 2010.

Effective November 10, 2010, the USPTO has extended the programme until 31 December 2011, and expanded to include applications for annual periods beginning on or after 8.December 2009 program eligibility. these changes allow you to Add applications to obtain the programme on green technology, a complete copy of the Declaration. [1] [2] Federal Register announcing the expansion of the programme for the extension and can be used online.

The program presents a simple does accelerate cost-instrument USPTO green technologies patent applications relating to the time savings decisions. these may lead to longer patent of the terms, conditions, and may assist inventors and the efforts of commercialised green techniques.

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Solar Charging Backpack, Green Panels

This solar charging backpack is a mobile solar-powered generator designed to charge handheld electronic devices without a power outlet. Just plug a standard car charger into the bag and recharge virtually all handheld electronic devices, including cell phones, cameras, 2-way radios, PDAs and MP3s (not designed to charge notebook computers). This bag also comes with a USB adapter and 10 other standard adapters for common cell phones and other devices.

There are 3 lightweight, waterproof solar panels that generate up to 4 watts of power for quick charge times mounted on the outside of the bag. These panels use the sun to power up your electronics - helping save electricity and greenhouse gases. Includes a Li-ion battery pack which stores any surplus power generated, so it is available when you need it - not just when the sun is shining. The battery pack can also be charged using an AC travel charger or car charger (both included).

This spacious Backpack has 1,850 cubic inches of storage space, including multiple pockets and wire channels. It features high-density padding in the shoulder straps and back panel for all-day comfort, and nylon mesh backing for better air flow. Includes an adjustable phone/MP3 pouch on the shoulder strap, and an additional lined MP3/sunglasses pouch inside. The Backpack is ideal for use as a weekend hiking bag or a large daypack. Environmentally preferable bag features high-quality construction from recycled PET (soda bottles). It is backed by the manufacturer's 1-year limited warranty.

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Home wind energy-energy tips free download green and save Money

Home wind energy ultimately generates a large buzz throughout the country. At the same time if the user referred to alternative energy sources such as windmill s or home solar panel s many people don't take you seriously. Now that the problems related to energy are considered the best problem, to almost every civilized country renewable persons giving the source of energy, more than just a cursory projection.

Persons who are not waiting on content, however.Instead of biding their time waiting for the Government of the first step, thousands of people have accepted the principle of "green energy" started work to remedy the situation by creating your own home wind energy and systems of origin solar energy.

Sun and wind are natural resources, which are free renewable and.In addition to saving money on bills tool will be able to show the world that you support the flow of Green energy. through the use of simple system of origin wind energy many people have managed to reduce their energy costs 75-100%. After the initial small cost of materials needed to construct wind energy generator ed you will begin to save money and get benefit from lower power BILLS each month.

Does not require specific skills and knowledge to build solar panel s or unit of origin wind energy. If you know how to use a few basic tools such as hammer and screw should be able to create a setting of the origin of the wind energy in as little as one weekend. Almost all the materials needed will probably find your garage. You might need to buy a few items such as batteries, but these appear on many sites online.

Solar energy can be used in almost every home setting.It is sufficient to place its s solar panel, so that they receive the maximum amount available to the direct sunlight each day.Add wind power home is almost as simple to-do. you need a place, which may be intended to structure and ensure enough space so that the blades can be freely centrifugation during wind is blowing.Worried about the speed of the wind of the place of residence of the user?New improved the turbines can be used in regions where the average wind speed of less than 10 mph. This may not realize energy savings as high as those living in areas windier, but still, you can reduce the accounts tools using wind power.

If you decide that constructing systems DIY origin wind energy stage right you can find instructions and guides available on the Internet should purchase one that has detailed information on how these units are built. top Guides will come from the video and get complete instructions that lead you through the process one step at a time.

Is one of the most popular and cheap methods for the manufacture of renewable energy on the main Windmill Windpower home. compilation, one is very simple and can save you thousands of dollars to learn how you can start saving money today, click here: home wind energy.

Abundant Opportunities, such as Ontario moves closer to the green economy

Ontario's manufacturing sector was to contribute to the recently, when the Italian solar photovoltaic manufacturer Silfab SpA, announced that it will create incorporated in Mississauga, Ontario Canada Silfab.  $ 15 Million, 100 000 square foot solar module plants begins with the year 2011, will be created for a period of up to 60 MW of clean energy production.  By 2012 it expands 180 MW.  The body is divided into two distinct regions-second SilFab own solar PV modules and the second Ontario-based solar PV module manufacturers.

This project is related to a litany of other "green" investments in the province, Ontario's growing commitment to fit in a clean and sustainable economy for renewable power source.

  Ontario as a dominant solar Market in 2011

Ontario Solar PV fields Inc. is a joint effort, q-cells SE and the use of automation Systems creates 64 MW project, which represents 10% of the total value of all projects on the ground, in the land of the rising sun in the province. [1] [2] Marc Van Gerven, Q-Cells in North America President and CEO, says that "in the Ontario market is projected to a Sun on the market in North America in 2011."Martin Cecchetto, VP of Corporate Development, ATS considers that, in conjunction with his company and q-cells can "make a widespread acceptance of the reality of the land of the rising sun, and to expand significantly in Ontario in the land of the rising sun expertise and presence in the province."

Employment growth in the land of the rising sun, the Sun and the Sun connection between categories

Fuel, Ontario's Green economy contribute to the expansion of the manufacturing sector, are the provincial government and education infrastructure needed to ensure Ontario's workforce is capable of increasing the green consumer demand for sustainable solutions in meeting. Notes the Director of the Jacob Travis, Canada only accredited Sun training school for ISPQ, Ontario solar system Academy "we all knew that Green Energy Act to improve the province solar industry, but I do not think all of us to understand how quickly the sector expand."He adds "Solar education is only one piece of the puzzle, but without it, not the green jobs, production growth and investment opportunities, which we have seen in recent years."

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Solar energy-a green energy source

Solar energy is a source of green energy does not harm the environment and renewable is. We can benefit from this energy have been used for years, including homes and buildings were designed to take advantage of the sunrise. This is the so-called passive use solar energy. Of course, there are many active use of this energy, we should be used more widely, particularly because of this, is the most abundant source of hope.

The two most active use solar energy becomes established, are solar panel s to generate electricity and solar panel s hot water. Solar Panel to generate electricity using photovoltaic cells to convert solar energy into current (DC) electricity.Converter used to change the DC to AC (AC) batteries are used to store together with a controller to ensure that the batteries are not over or undercharged.

Solar Panel s hot water comes in two forms, evacuated tubes and collectors flat plate. These panels allow the rays of the Sun, heat the water stored in a bottle of hot water.This means that without the use of the boiler, so long as the sun shines you can have hot water in the summer months when it is dull, you can use the heater immersion in the network of the cylinder. There is a possibility to save to a third country on account of electricity and this means that you will be less pollution.

Many simple applications solar energy have been around for years, such as calculators, light for our gardens, battery charging and even experimental cars have been incorporated sunrise. Satellites have been sent to the place, which are powered by solar panel s. Despite growing concern about environmental pollution around the world, Governments are in most cases still slow.

Some Scandinavian countries of Europe windmill s have been used by many years, but only in recent months that the United Kingdom, 40% of the resources of the European wind licences have been issued on a large scale offshore wind farms.Solar projects are now advanced in countries such as Spain, France, Germany, Japan and South Korea.United States and United Kingdom were free to adopt a green source solar energy.Grants are available for installation solar panel s, but when it is considered that in Great Britain, for example, approximately 25% of the pollution comes from homes.

There are many which are still possible. Governments should encourage the use of a wide green energy and especially the Sun by the owners of the houses still installation prices are relatively high, but at least now anybody now you can build your own solar panel s home not only they will be to reduce economically increase their carbon in this way, but also save money accounts power says that it should be again on the increase and up to a maximum of 80% of the savings available when using solar panel s to generate electricity and to the third when employing solar panel s heat water, is something we all consider.

Learn how to create your own solar panels

Download free report on energy saving in the home http://rodwarnock.com:

Go green — DIY solar and wind energy free electricity in your home

Please take this opportunity to tell the user Renewable sourses of energy, which you can save the planet and fortune! I hope that you can use this report and I Welcome all comments concerning the obtaining of the planet to "green mode".

SUNNY & wind energy energy DIY projects

Imagine the future, where each country is energy self-sufficient. no more acid depletion of the ozone layer or global warming. the future of the war in limited supply of oil.

Allows you to do some good for the planet, allows you to make the planet through the promotion, free from pollutants renewable sources energy or "green energy".

Companies that renewable production energy systems is growing as quickly as the computers in the 80 's! you can buy stocks in the companies, whose production systems green energy. There are undertakings whose production windmill s, hydrogen fuel cells, solar panel s and geothermal systems.

You can say that the best and cheapest way to be green at home (including enterprises) to go to one of the few DIY kits, which are currently on the market. When these sets is up and running, they allow a vast amount of sense of effective mitigating task auto ego, as well as, of course, saving fortune of electricity.

They may:
Help our environment and may more and more people will follow us in promoting the future of the planet Earth.
Save ... hundreds of dollars per month, thousands of dollars annually for the rest of his life.
Children will thank you for it.When you install renewable sources energy system in the House by the thousands you can increase the value of your home! this is a great stimulus can begin immediately.

However, many wind solar & products are not intended to produce the electricity needed for home delivery of their cost Fortunes and only are useful in the world of business.DIY solar and wind energy propulsion systems are designed for household and are really easy to create, even not mechanical views among us may take these DIY projects.

So, if you are looking for ways to help save our planet, and then I urge you can get now when the Sun and wind power DIY systems are still cheap. do your bit for the environment to obtain a trace of Ve?k? coal.

Take full advantage of the many DIY free electricity for projects life transition, and now become the planet saver.

"Thank you" to this page in our environment. check whether your carbon Footprint, you should check out when you get energy system free of charge & going.

Thank you for reading and hope that you find this article interesting and want to get involved with the movement of green energy. This is an exciting, rewarding and can save you a lot of money.

I look forward to receiving all the interesting comments can be sent, I endeavor to answer all of them.

Further details of the project on the DIY Solar & Wind energy renewable energy system, go to the links below:

http://www.guidescb.com/homeimprovement/solar2.html

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MANA pressure taps its green funds

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The band of countries that make up the Middle East and North Africa region (MENA) are either desert or at best arid. There's no precise list of which countries make up the region, as it is a geographical region rather than a political alliance, but at its broadest it includes Algeria, Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Yemen, the overall population totalling some 355 million.

As economies have grown, so traditional, climate-adapted lifestyles have given way to ones associated with accompanying growth in consumption of energy and water. As in many other parts of the world, growing populations and their greater affluence are putting both these commodities under ever-greater pressure.

The MENA region has about 60% of the world's oil reserves and 45% of reserves of natural gas. But these reserves are not evenly distributed and the economies of the various countries reflect this, with those of the Gulf Co-operation Council (GCC) — Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the UAE — among the most affluent.

While on average, around the world, the amount of water available per person is 7000 m³/year, in the MENA countries only 1200 m³/year is available per person, and half the region's population lives in areas that are classed as water-stressed. World Bank figures suggest that as the region's population grows from today's 350 million to the 500 million forecast for 2025, per capita availability of water will fall dramatically.

It's said that electricity and water do not mix — but it doesn't mean they are not connected. In fact, not just electricity but the entire energy sector is tightly bound up with water usage and availability. On the one hand, water is needed for most power generation and the extraction and refining of oil. On the other, electric power is used for processing and pumping of water, and in this region especially, for desalination. So in the largely arid landscapes of the kind found in this part of the world, water and energy are especially closely linked — so much so that many countries here put both in the hands of a single government ministry.

This region is also being eyed as a solar energy source not only for its immediate hinterland but also for Europe. The Desertec initiative is aimed at meeting 15% of Europe's energy needs, and a substantial part of the demand in Northern Africa and the Middle East, via concentrated solar plants and other renewable sources of energy by 2050.

After all this talk of water scarcity, it might seem ironic that the best-developed, non-fossil form of electric power production in the MENA region is hydro. Hydro — overwhelmingly large-scale — is particularly well developed in Iran, where some 7500 MW of installed capacity generate just over 18,000 GWh/year, and in Egypt (2800 MW, 14,000 GWh/year). Morocco (1500 MW, 1318 GWh/year) and Syria (1500 MW, 4000 GWh/year) are the other significant players. Iraq has 2225 MW installed but production is about 500 GWh/year. Algeria has 280 MW installed, which produces 226 GWh/year (World Energy Council, 2009).

But it is solar and wind technologies that are now being eyed for growth. The latest Energy [R]evolution report from Greenpeace, anticipates that, given political support and well-designed policy instruments, by 2050, 95% of the electricity produced in the Middle East (i.e. not counting North Africa) could come from renewable energy sources, with 'new' renewables — mainly wind, solar thermal energy and PV — contributing about 90% of electricity generation. The installed capacity of renewable energy technologies will grow from the current 10 GW to 556 GW in 2050. By then, renewables could meet 83% of the region's demand for heating and cooling, says the report.

Some National Developments

Many of the political leaders in the MENA region embrace greenhouse gas reduction measures. Several countries have introduced renewable energy policies. Not surprisingly, these are the ones where the developments and markets have taken off. REN21's interactive global map gives up-to-date information on renewable energy policy by country and some developments.

Algeria

Algeria's national goal is to meet 6% of its energy demand from renewables by 2015, with 200 MW wind, 170 MW solar thermal, 5.1 MW solar PV by 2015, plus 450 MW of cogeneration. One solar thermal plant is under construction, and two Integrated Solar Combined Cycle (ISCC) hybrid plants, each with 70 MW of CSP, will be developed between 2010 and 2015. Algeria currently claims 2.28 MW of installed solar, and 73.3 kW of wind.

Northern Algeria is home to the world's second ISCC plant, due for completion as REW goes to press. The €320 million ($440 million) 150 MWe Hassi R'Mel Project is being built on behalf of New Energy Algeria (NEAL) by two Abengoa subsidiaries: Abener and Abengoa Solar.

The project will adjoin an existing Sonelgaz power station at Tilghemt. At approximately 180,000 m², the two parabolic solar fields will comprise 224 parabolic collectors (Solucar) in 56 loops and the solar contribution is estimated at some 20 MWe. The solar installation will work in conjunction with two 42 MW SGT-800 gas turbines and a 80 MW SST-900 steam turbine, supplied by Siemens.

Egypt

In February 2008, Egypt's Supreme Council of Energy approved a plan for the country to produce 20% of its electric power from renewable sources by 2020. A new electricity act, currently undergoing consultation, will go some way to facilitating this. At present natural gas generates about 86 TWh/year and (large) hydro about 16 TWh.

Egypt's electricity market is semi-reformed, in that in 2000 the government-owned electricity authority became a holding company, the EEHC, with 15 small affiliated state-owned companies looking after power generation, transmission (including international interconnections) and distribution. Currently, independent power producers sell to the EEHC, but the new electricity law will allow private companies to sell their output directly to consumers. The new law will also include a feed-in tariff for renewables.

Egypt has actively pursued renewables since 1986, when the New & Renewable Energy Authority (NREA) was set up. It established laboratories for testing, certification and training, as well as assessing renewable energy resources and carrying out studies and pilot projects to evaluate different technologies. The NREA introduced some of these technologies to the Egyptian market and supported local industry initiatives. Since then, several large-scale wind power projects have been constructed.

The 2020 target includes a 12% contribution from wind energy. According to GWEC, this translates into more than 7200 MW. The government anticipates that about 400 MW/year will be private sector, while the NREA will carry out about 200 MW/year. The most recent BTM report states Egypt had 552 MW of installed wind at the end of 2009, and is likely to reach 3 GW by 2014. And in May 2010 energy minister Hassan Younes reportedly said that an international tender for wind power plants with a total capacity of 1 GW would be offered before the end of the year to local and foreign investors.

Egypt's first large-scale solar development is nearing completion 90 km south of Cairo at Kuraymat. The solar component of the ISCC plant is being built on behalf of the NREA by Solar Millennium, which installed the last of almost 2000 parabolic trough collectors — covering 130,000 m² — at the 150 MW solar farm in April 2010. The plant's location gives access to the grid and natural gas pipelines, as well as to water from the Nile. Solar Millennium hopes the project will be a model for solar farms that the Desertec group plans to one day use to supply power to much of North Africa and southern Europe.

Regarding PV, the NREA signed a protocol for co-operation with the Italian Ministry of Environment to electrify two remote settlements in the Matrouh Governorate. The government is also stimulating solar investment by offering land to potential investors.

Jordan

Jordan currently generates 1.5% of its power from renewable sources, and its policy is to reach 7% by 2015 and 10% by 2020. Pipeline projects suggest that Jordan is thinking big.

In January 2010 a new Renewable Energy Law was passed, under which the National Electric Power Company (NEPCO) will be required to purchase all electricity produced by independent and small-scale renewable plants at full retail price.

Ziyad Jibril, head of the Energy Ministry's renewable energy department, also confirmed that NEPCO will be required to cover the cost of connecting renewable energy projects, whether wind farms, solar energy stations or other technologies, to the grid.

Negotiations for Jordan's first wind farm are underway — the government wants to build 600 MW of wind by 2015 and a further 600 MW by 2020.

As for solar PV, In June 2010 Jordan's Qawar Energy — in partnership with Ma'an Development Area (MDA) — announced the launch of its US$400 million Shams Ma'an project, a 100 MW solar PV project for the MDA industrial park. MDA wants to create a solar hub in Jordan for training, research and development besides attracting solar technology firms and investors. The technology to be used in the high-profile plant is not yet finalized; it will use 360,000 to 2 million PV/CPV panels and produce around 168 GWh per year, according to MDA. Ma'an Development Area's CEO Mohammed S. Turk reportedly said that the importance of the project lies in transforming Jordan into a country able to benefit from one of its greatest available resources, the sun. The project, will cover 2 million m² in the southern part of Jordan, and is expected to be completed in 2012.

In concentrating solar thermal power, MENA Cleantech has its first solar project in the pipeline: the 100 MW JOAN1 project is expected to enter operation in 2013 and will be the largest CSP project in the world using direct solar steam generation. In a recent interview, MENA Cleantech founder/CEO Samer Zureikat said he hopes to have the contracts in place for this project by the end of 2010 and to commission the plant in 2013. Back in October 2009 it was announced that JOAN1 will use Ausra's reflector technology.

Morocco

Morocco is developing both wind and solar, and is the only North African country to have a grid interconnection with Europe at this stage. According to BTM, Morocco had 254 MW of wind power installed at the end of 2009 and is forecast to increase this to just over 1 GW by 2014. During 2009 it installed just 10 MW, however.

In November 2009, Morocco announced an ambitious solar programme, to install 2 GW of solar capacity by 2020 — a combination of PV and CSP — to provide 20% of the country's electricity from solar. The estimated cost will be $9 billion. Energy Minister Amina Benkhadra has said Morocco is open to all kinds of partnership to achieve the goals. The Moroccan Agency for Solar Energy (MASEN), a public-private venture, has been set up to lead the project.

The country is currently commissioning its first ISCC project, the 470 MW plant at Ain Beni Mathar, which will have a 20 MWe solar component. The installation features a 180,000 m² solar field, with 224 solar collector assemblies in 56 loops. Abener, in collaboration with Abengoa Solar and Teyma has engineered, designed and built the plant under the terms of a turnkey contract with Moroccan state energy company ONE.

A second solar plant, the Ouarzazate solar independent power project, is in the more distant pipeline — a 500 MW plant whose EPCs should be awarded in the second quarter of 2011 according to MEED Projects.

Saudi Arabia

The Saudi Electric Company anticipates that electric loads will more or less double between 2009 and 2020. While it has not developed significant renewable energy as yet, Saudi Arabia does plan to develop solar over the next 5—10 years, even expressing ambitions to export solar energy, according to media reports.

As part of its solar programme, Saudi Arabia is focusing on solar water desalination. Typically oil fuelled, there are 28 or so desalination plants, which supply some 70% of the country's drinking water as well as electric power. However, solar desalination using various solar technologies has been trialled and operated at small scale in various parts of the world. (A specific research report on the use of CSP for desalination, the Aqua CSP project, was published at the end of 2007.)

In April, IBM and the King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) in Saudi Arabia, announced a research collaboration to create a water desalination plant powered by the ultra-high concentrator photovoltaic (UHCPV) technology that is being jointly developed by IBM and KACST; this technology is capable of operating a CPV system at a concentration greater than 1500 suns.

The new desalination plant has an expected production capacity of 30,000 m³ per day and will be built in the city of Al Khafji to serve 100,000 people. It will also use a particular type of nanomembrane developed by the partners.

PV panels installed by Abu Dhabi's Masdar (Source: Masdar)

United Arab Emirates

The UAE, led by initiatives of Abu Dhabi, have taken a leading role in providing clean energy in recent years — both within the region and elsewhere — largely through the Masdar Initiative and its component parts. Abu Dhabi has a target of achieving 7% of its generation capacity from renewable sources by 2020, and is now home to IRENA, the International Renewable Energy Agency.

In June 2010, Masdar appointed a consortium of Total and Abengoa Solar as a partner to own, build and operate what will be the world's largest CSP plant and the first of its kind in the Middle East, Shams 1.

Located about 120 km southwest of Abu Dhabi, Shams 1 will be the largest CSP plant in the world, covering an area of 2.5 km², with a capacity of approximately 100 MW. Its solar field will consist of 768 parabolic trough collectors, which will be supplied by Abengoa Solar. Construction is due to begin later this year and to take two years. The project is registered under the United Nations' Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and is eligible for carbon credits. This is the first CSP plant registered under the CDM and the second project registered for Masdar.

Outlook

It seems the time really has come for this region to move beyond oil and develop its potential as a renewable energy powerhouse. The scale of the plans in the committed countries is impressive, and political motivation to achieve growth while reducing carbon emissions seems clear. There's certainly scope for the region as a whole to follow the leaders.

Jackie Jones is consulting editor to Renewable Energy World.

Sidebar: How Electricity and Water do Mix

Conventional power production can make use of considerable quantities of water in cooling. Globally, about 8% of the planet's water is used for drinking. In the United States (international figures are not available) thermoelectric power and industry account for about 7.5% of all water consumed (though theroelectric power production accounts for almost 40% of the total water withdrawn, i.e. made use of but almost immediately returned to source). Thermoelectric — mostly coal and nuclear — is little used in the MENA region, where power production is based largely on natural gas. It's only in combined cycle mode (where waste heat plus water turn a steam turbine) that gas turbine power generation requires cooling water. In this region, heat can usefully be used in district cooling and desalination of seawater.

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